ZPID
Menu
RDC at ZPID

Primary data on the pre-study experience sampling from 2017

Personality Psychology

Authors(s) / Creator(s)

Grund, Axel
Fries, Stefan
Senker, Kerstin

Abstract

The aim of the study was to initially relate different aspects of self-regulation to the everyday experience of students ("preliminary study"). The focus was on the constructs mindfulness, self-control, affect, and motivation. The special feature of the study is that these constructs were operationalized at both trait and state level. Sample was a casual sample of students (N = 57) at Bielefeld University. The study design was as follows: first, students were familiarized with the study design in small groups. In addition, trait measurement of the different constructs (e.g., trait mindfulness and self-control) was conducted via self-report questionnaire, and study participants loaded an experience sampling (ES) software (LifeData) onto their private smartphones. They then provided information about their momentary experience and behavior at random times throughout the day over a period of one week (up to 35 measurements per person in total). Central constructs in the ES were momentary affect, mindfulness, and motivational conflict experience. Subsequently, the study participants received monetary compensation of up to 40 euros depending on their compliance with the ES and answered some of the trait questionnaires again to determine possible changes over time.

In a first publication, trait and state mindfulness were found to converge and to be associated with a lower experience of conflict, even when the current state of mind of the study participants was controlled (Senker, Fries, & Grund, 2020).

Due to the high cost of ES studies, additional constructs beyond these core constructs were collected at both the trait and state levels (e.g., trait well-being, achievement motive, and responses to conflict experience). In particular, in addition to the ES, there was a daily "evening questionnaire" at a fixed time, in which assessments of daily time use, stress experience, and achievement emotions were to be given. No publications have been made on this to date.

Persistent Identifier

https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.gdal17pr09

Year of Publication

2021

Funding

German Research Foundation (DFG)

How to cite

Grund, A., Fries, S. & Senker, K. (2021). Primary data on the pre-study experience sampling from 2017 (Version 1.0.0) [Data and Documentation]. Trier: Research Data Center at ZPID. https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.gdal17pr09

Study Description

Research Questions/Hypotheses:

We hypothesized that both higher trait and state mindfulness in everyday life would be associated with lower conflict experience. In addition, we hypothesized that state-mindfulness would be predicted by trait-mindfulness.

Research Design:

Fully Standardized Survey Instrument (provides question formulation and answer options); repeated measurement

Measurement Instruments/Apparatus:

Where possible, we used validated instruments for operationalization. This applies in particular to the trait measurements. For the state measurements of mindfulness, we developed our own items on the basis of the relevant literature, each with 4 statements covering two central aspects of mindfulness, present orientation or "presence" and acceptance without evaluation or "equanimity", analogous to the trait level, whereby the content validity of both facets of state mindfulness was particularly important to us, as well as the possibility of calculating various quality criteria of the measurement accuracy. In this sense, the present study was also intended as a test of these items.

Specifically, subjects were asked to comment on statements such as "I rush through what I was doing without really being attentive to it." (Presence_1) or "I performed the activity without judging it greatly. ("Equi_2") with reference to their current experience and behavior (or their experience and behavior before the ES signal reached them) (cf. Senker et al., 2020).

Data Collection Method:

Survey in the presence of an investigator

  • group default
  • computerized
  • special apparatus or measuring instruments, namely: Trait questionnaires: Unipark

Survey in the absence of an investigator

  • Other method, namely: Experience sampling: LifeData software (on study participants' private smartphones).

Population:

Students at Bielefeld University

Survey Time Period:

Intensive longitudinal design (cf. Bolger & Laurenceau, 2013); up to 42 (or 48 with follow-up option) measurement time points nested within individuals

Sample:

Convenience sample

Gender Distribution:

68% female
32 % male

Age Distribution: 19 to 39 years

Spatial Coverage (Country/Region/City): Germany/East Westphalia

Subject Recruitment:

Potential participants were recruited in various lectures at Bielefeld University. In addition, information flyers were posted.

The central criterion was to be actively studying at Bielefeld University at the time of the study (i.e. attending events, etc.).

Sample Size:

56 individuals

Return/Drop Out:

One person was excluded due to technical problems during experience sampling. One person did not participate in the post-measurement (= complete post-measurements of 55 persons).

gdal17pr09_readme.txt
Text file - 3 KB
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description: Description of the files
gdal17pr09_pd.txt
Text file - 3616 KB
MD5: c0968ca20a7c73eaab5d98e37c91c466
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description: Primary data file
gdal17pr09_kb.txt
Text file - 132 KB
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description: German codebook for the primary data file gdal17pr09_pd.txt
gdal17pr09_kb_en.txt
Text file - 127 KB
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description: English translation of the codebook for the primary data file gdal17pr09_pd.txt
Position Name Label Valid Values Missing Values
1
PARTICIPANT
VP-Nummer / ID
32937-35623 "fortlaufende VP-IDs"
99999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
2
VP_ZAEHLER_KURZ
Reihenfolge der beantworteten Kurzfragebögen
1-40 "Reihenfolge der beantworteten Kurzfragebögen"
-77 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
3
VP_ZAEHLER_ABEND
Reihenfolge der beantworteten Abendfragebögen
1-8 "Reihenfolge der beantworteten Abendfragebögen"
-77 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
4
STUDIENBEGINN
Tag des Studienbeginns
Zeichenkette "Mittwoch=Mi,13.09.2017; Montag=Mo,18.09.2017"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
5
BEDINGUNG
Betrifft die Reihenfolge innerhalb der Kurzfragebögen
Zeichenkette "Achtsamkeit, PANAVA=Zuerst Achtsamkeit, dann PANAVA; PANAVA, Achtsamkeit=Zuerst PANAVA, dann Achtsamkeit"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
6
DATE
Datum der Erhebung
Zeichenkette "Tag der Datenerhebung im Format Monat/Tag/Jahr"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
7
DAY
Wochentag der Datenerhebung
Zeichenkette "Wochentag der Datenerhebung"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
8
TIME
Uhrzeit der Datenerhebung
Zeichenkette "Uhrzeit der Datenerhebung"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
9
SESSION_NAME
Name des ESM-Fragebogens / Benachrichtigung
Zeichenkette "Experience-Sampling-Fragebogen; Hinweis Abendabfrage"
9999 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
10
RESPONDED
Bearbeitung begonnen
1 "begonnen" 0 "nicht begonnen"
9 "fehlender Wert: nicht spezifiziert"
Page 1 of 46
Items per page: 10 25 50
Position Name Label Valid Values Missing Values
1
PARTICIPANT
VP number / ID
32937-35623 "consecutive VP IDs"
99999 "missing value: unspecified"
2
VP_ZAEHLER_KURZ
Sequence of answered short questionnaires
1-40 "order of answered short questionnaires."
-77 "missing value: unspecified"
3
VP_ZAEHLER_ABEND
Order of answered evening questionnaires
1-8 "order of evening questionnaires answered."
-77 "missing value: unspecified"
4
STUDIENBEGINN
Day of study start
Zeichenkette "Wednesday=Mi,09/13/2017; Monday=Mo,09/18/2017"
9999 "missing value: unspecified"
5
BEDINGUNG
Concerns the order within the short questionnaires.
Zeichenkette "mindfulness, PANAVA=mindfulness first, then PANAVA; PANAVA, mindfulness=PANAVA first, then mindfulness"
9999 "missing value: unspecified"
6
DATE
Date of the survey
Zeichenkette "day of data collection in month/day/year format"
9999 "missing value: unspecified"
7
DAY
Weekday of data collection
Zeichenkette "day of week of data collection"
9999 "missing value: not specified"
8
TIME
Time of data collection
Zeichenkette "time of data collection"
9999 "missing value: unspecified"
9
SESSION_NAME
Name of the ESM questionnaire / notification
Zeichenkette "experience sampling questionnaire; notice evening query"
9999 "missing value: unspecified"
10
RESPONDED
Processing started
1 "started" 0 "not started"
9 "missing value: not specified"
Page 1 of 46
Items per page: 10 25 50
Utilized Test Methods

Achtsamkeit (CHIME): Bergomi, C., Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2014). Konstruktion und erste Validierung eines Fragebogens zur umfassenden Erfassung von Achtsamkeit. Diagnostica, 60(3), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000109

PSYNDEX

Selbstkontrolle (SCS-K-D): Bertrams, A., & Dickhäuser, O. (2009). Messung dispositioneller Selbstkontroll-Kapazität. Diagnostica, 55(1), 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.55.1.2

PSYNDEX

Motivationales Konflikterleben: Grund, A., Grunschel, C., Bruhn, D., & Fries, S. (2015). Torn between want and should: An experience-sampling study on motivational conflict, well-being, self-control, and mindfulness. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9476-z

PSYNDEX

Selbstmitgefühl (SCS): Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D). Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 40(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000088

PSYNDEX

Affektives Wohlbefinden (PANAS:) Krohne, H. W., Egloff, B., Kohlmann, C.-W., & Tausch, A. (1996). Untersuchungen mit einer deutschen Version der „Positive and Negative Affect Schedule“ (PANAS). [Investigations with a German version of the PANAS]. Diagnostica, 42, 139–156. https://doi.org/10.1037/t49650-000

PSYNDEX

Leistungsmotive (AMS): Lang, J. W., & Fries, S. (2006). A revised 10-item version of the Achievement Motives Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22(3), 216–224. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.216

PSYNDEX

Achtsamkeit (MAAS): Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Nachtigall, C. (2008). Die deutsche Version der Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) Psychometrische Befunde zu einem Achtsamkeitsfragebogen. Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 37(3), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.37.3.200

PSYNDEX

Soziale Erwünschheit (BIDR): Musch, J., Brockhaus, R., & Bröder, A. (2002). Ein Inventar zur Erfassung von zwei Faktoren sozialer Erwünschtheit. Diagnostica, 48(3), 121–129. https://doi.org/10.1026//0012-1924.48.3.121

PSYNDEX

Lernemotionen (AEQ): Pekrun, R., Goetz, T., Frenzel, A. C., Barchfeld, P., & Perry, R. P. (2011). Measuring emotions in students' learning and performance: The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2010.10.002

PSYNDEX

Positive und negative Aktivierung (PANAVA): Schallberger, U. (2005). Kurzskalen zur Erfassung der Positiven Aktivierung, Negativen Aktivierung und Valenz in Experience Sampling Studien (PANAVA-KS). Forschungsberichte aus dem Projekt:“Qualität des Erlebens in Arbeit und Freizeit, 6, 1–87. 

PSYNDEX
Page 1 of 2
Items per page: 10 25 50
Further Reading

Grund, A., Grunschel, C., Bruhn, D., & Fries, S. (2015). Torn between want and should: An experience-sampling study on motivational conflict, well-being, self-control, and mindfulness. Motivation and Emotion, 39, 506–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-015-9476-z

PSYNDEX

Grund, A., & Senker, K. (2018). Motivational foundations of self-control and mindfulness and their role in study–leisure conflicts. Learning and Individual Differences, 68, 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.10.007

PSYNDEX