##
Social Support

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Social Support:
General Information

When? | Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 4 | Time 5 | Time 6 | Time 7
Where? | Intensive Protocol (IP) | - | - | - | - | - | -
Questionnaire | IP: Social relationships (Section B, Section C, Section H) | - | - | - | - | - | -
SIR Data bank | IP: Psycho rec/table 1 (P1data) rec/table 2 (P1const) | - | - | - | - | - | -

Aspects of social support assessed in BASE were: support received and given as well as reciprocity of support (objective, and as perceived by participant). Additionally, a differentiation was made between emotional and instrumental support (cf. Fischer, 1982; Kahn & Antonucci, 1980) in all three aspects of social support. Participants named the persons they had helped and/or who had helped them in the following areas: (1) practical things, (2) help with errands or shopping, (3) nursing care, (4) talking about problems and worries, and (5) encouragement and reassurance. Participants could name up to five network members if applicable.
Whereas the first three elements constitute instrumental support, the last two were defined as emotional support. Exchange of affection (operationalized as non-sexual physical contact such as hugs and kisses) was treated as an independent dimension of social relationships.
The reciprocity of social support was assessed in two ways. First, objective reciprocity was assessed examining the presence/absence of reciprocity within the support network (e. g. participant receives support from Peter, just as Peter receives support from participant). Secondly, the subjectively perceived reciprocity of support in the past and the present was assessed by two questions.

Literature: Antonucci, 1985; Fischer, 1982; Kahn & Antonucci, 1980; Schütze & Lang, 1993; Wagner, Schütze & Lang, 1996, 1999.

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

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###
Items used in BASE:
Support Received

Note:
The answers were coded as: 0 = no, 1 = yes.

| BASE items / variables | English translation | Variable names Time 1
1. | Hat Ihnen jemand während der letzten drei Monate bei irgendwelchen praktischen Dingen geholfen, z.B. im Haushalt, beim Saubermachen oder bei Reparatur-arbeiten? | Has anyone helped you with your household chores, i.e. cleaning up or fixing something, during the past three months? | b1uprak
2. | Hätten Sie eine solche Hilfe während der letzten drei Monate gebraucht? | Did you need such help? | b1uprakx
3. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate mit jemandem über ganz persönliche Dinge gesprochen, z.B. wenn Sie Kummer oder Sorgen hatten? | Did you confide in anyone about personal matters, i.e. about problems or worries, in the past three months? | b1usorg
4. | Hätten Sie während der letzten drei Monate eine solche Hilfe gebraucht? | Would it have helped you to have had someone to confide in? | b1usorgx
5. | Hat Ihnen während der letzten drei Monate jemand beim Einkaufen oder bei anderen Besorgungen geholfen? | Has anyone helped you with your shopping or gone on other errands for you during the past three months? | b1ukauf
6. | Hätten Sie während der letzten drei Monate eine solche Hilfe gebraucht? | Did you need such help? | b1ukaufx
7. | Hat Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemand aufgemuntert, wenn Sie einmal traurig waren? | Was there anyone who cheered you up when you were feeling down during the past three months? | b1umunt
8. | Hätten Sie während der letzten drei Monate eine solche Aufmunterung gebraucht? | Could you have used some cheering up? | b1umuntx
9. | Hat Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemand in den Arm genommen, Ihnen einen Kuß gegeben oder war sonstwie zärtlich zu Ihnen? | Did anyone hug you, give you a kiss, or show you any other gestures of fondness towards you during the past three months? | b1ukuss
10. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate solche Zärtlichkeiten vermißt? | Did you miss having someone show their fondness to you? | b1ukussx
11. | Wer pflegt und versorgt Sie gegenwärtig? | Who cares for you at the moment? | b1ubett
12. | Wer würde Sie pflegen und versorgen, wenn Sie einmal dauerhaft bettlägerig wären? | Who would care for you, if you were confined to bed indefinitely? | b1upflg

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Aggregated Variables in BASE:
Support Received

Note:
Variables listed in the following table are available for every supporting network partner (NP) mentioned by participant.
Participants could name up to five network partners for each supporting act.
Variables marked with * were coded as: 0 = no, 1 = yes.

Aggregated variables | Variable names Time 1
Support participant receives from a single specific network partner
1. | Network Partner (NP) helps participant with household chores | b1vprak *
2. | participant confides in NP about personal matters | b1vsorg *
3. | NP helps participant with shopping | b1vkauf *
4. | NP cheers participant up | b1vmunt *
5. | NP shows gestures of fondness to participant | b1vkuss *
6. | NP cares for participant at the moment | b1vbett *
7. | NP would care for participant if he / she was confined to bed indefinitely | b1vpflg *
8. | Overall (Number of kinds of support provided by NP) | b1veu
Sum (b1vprak, b1vsorg, b1vkauf, b1vmunt, b1vbett,b1vpflg)
9. | Emotional (Number of kinds of emotional support provided by NP) | b1veue
Sum (b1vsorg, b1vmunt)
10. | Instrumental (Number of kinds of instrumental support provided by NP) | b1veui
Sum (b1vprak, b1vkauf, b1vbett, b1vpflg)

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Raw Constructs Created in BASE:
Support Received

Constructs | Construct names Time 1
Range of different kinds of support participant received from network partners (Number of kinds of support called on)
1. | Overall | b1eh
Sum ( b1uprak, b1usorg, b1ukauf, b1umunt, b1ukuss, b1ubett, b1upflg)
2. | Instrumental | b1eih
Sum (b1uprak, b1ukauf, b1ubett)
3. | Emotional | b1eeh
Sum (b1usorg, b1umunt, b1ukuss)
Extent of kinds and providers of support respondent called on (Network partners may be counted several times if providing different kinds of support)
1. | Overall total | b1ehhl
Sum (b1veu)
1a. | Overall mean | b1ehdh
Mean (b1veu)
2. | Instrumental (total) | b1eihhl
Sum (b1veui)
3. | Emotional (total) | b1eehhl
Sum (b1veue)
Number of supporting persons
1. | Overall | b1ehnp
Sum (ehnp)
2. | Instrumental only | b1ehinp
Sum (ehinp)
3. | Emotional only | b1ehenp
Sum (ehenp)
4. | Instrumental as well as emotional | b1ehmnp
Sum (ehmnp)
Different kinds of support received: Number of persons...
1. | who helped participant with household chores | b1eprak
Sum (b1vprak)
2. | participant confides in ... about personal matters | b1esorg
Sum (b1vsorg)
3. | who helped participant with shopping | b1ekauf
Sum (b1vkauf)
4. | who cheered participant up | b1emunt
Sum (b1vmunt)
5. | who showed gestures of fondness to participant | b1ekuss
Sum (b1vkuss)
6. | who cared for participant at the moment | b1ebett
Sum (b1vbett)
7. | who would care for participant in case of being confined to bed indefinitely | b1epflg
Sum (b1vpflg)
Number of supporting persons: Types of relationships
1. | relatives (overall) | b1ehfa
Sum score
2. | partner | b1ehlg
Sum score
3. | daughters | b1ehto
Sum score
4. | daughters living in Berlin | b1ehtob
Sum score
5. | sons | b1ehso
Sum score
6. | sons living in Berlin | b1ehsob
Sum score
7. | sisters | b1ehsw
Sum score
8. | brothers | b1ehbr
Sum score
9. | other family members | b1ehsf
Sum score
10. | friends | b1ehfr
Sum score
11. | other non-relatives | b1ehnv
Sum score
Number of supporting persons: Position in network
Number of ... in 1st circle
1. | nuclear family members | b1ehcfk1
Sum score
2. | relatives | b1ehcvk1
Sum score
3. | friends | b1ehcfk1
Sum score
4. | other persons | b1ehnvk1
Sum score
Number of ... in 2nd circle
1. | nuclear family members | b1ehcfk2
Sum score
2. | relatives | b1ehcvk2
Sum score
3. | friends | b1ehcfk2
Sum score
4. | other persons | b1ehnvk2
Sum score
Number of ... in 3rd circle
1. | nuclear family members | b1ehcfk3
Sum score
2. | relatives | b1ehcvk3
Sum score
3. | friends | b1ehcfk3
Sum score
4. | other persons | b1ehnvk3
Sum score
Need for ... support
1. | overall | b1enh
Sum score
2. | instrumental | b1enih
Sum score
3. | emotional | b1eneh
Sum score
4. | tenderness-related | b1enzh
Sum score
Hugs / Tenderness: Interaction with
1. | overall | b1zhl
Sum score
2. | relatives | b1zfa
Sum score
3. | partner | b1zlg
Sum score
4. | daughter | b1zto
Sum score
5. | son | b1zso
Sum score
6. | sister | b1zsw
Sum score
7. | brother | b1zbr
Sum score
8. | other family member | b1zsf
Sum score
9. | friends | b1zfr
Sum score
10. | other non-relatives | b1znv
Sum score

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Items used in BASE:
Support Given

Note:
The answers were coded as: 0 = no, 1 = yes.

| BASE items / variables | English translation | Variable names Time 1
1. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemandem bei irgendwelchen praktischen Dingen geholfen, z.B. im Haushalt, beim Saubermachen oder bei Reparaturarbeiten? | Did you help anyone with his or her household chores, i.e. cleaning up or fixing something, during the past three months? | b1uprakc
2. | Hat jemand während der letzten drei Monate mit Ihnen über seine persönlichen Dinge geredet, z.B. wenn er oder sie Kummer hatte oder sich Sorgen machte? | Did anyone confide in you about personal matters, i.e. about problems or worries, in the past three months? | b1usorgc
3. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemandem beim Einkaufen oder bei anderen Besorgungen geholfen? | Have you helped anyone with his or her shopping or gone on other errands for him or her during the past three months? | b1ukaufc
4. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemanden aufgemuntert, wenn er oder sie traurig war? | Did you cheer up anyone when he or she was feeling down during the past three months? | b1umuntc
5. | Haben Sie während der letzten drei Monate jemanden in den Arm genommen, ihm oder ihr einen Kuß gegeben oder waren sonstwie zärtlich zu ihm oder ihr? | Did you hug anyone, give him or her a kiss, or show any other gestures of fondness towards him or her during the past three months? | b1ukussc
6. | Gibt es jemanden, den Sie pflegen und versorgen würden, wenn er oder sie einmal dauerhaft bettlägerig wäre? | Is there anybody whom you would care for, if he or she was confined to bed indefinitely? | b1upflgc

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Aggregated Variables in BASE:
Support Given

Note:
Variables listed in the following table are available for every supporting network partner mentioned by participant.
Participants could name up to five network partners for different kinds of support as contained in the table below.
Variables marked with * were coded as: 0 = no, 1 = yes.

Aggregated variables | Variable names Time 1
Support given to a single specific network partner (NP) by participant
1. | Participant helps NP with household chores | b1vprakc *
2. | NP confides in participant about personal matters | b1vsorgc *
3. | Participant helps NP with shopping | b1vkaufc *
4. | Participant cheers NP up | b1vmuntc *
5. | Participant shows gestures of fondness to NP | b1vkussc *
6. | Participant would care for NP in case of being confined to bed lastingly | b1vpflgc *
7. | Overall (Number of kinds of support provided to NP) | b1vgu
Sum (b1uprakc, b1usorgc, b1ukaufc, b1umuntc, b1upflgc)
8. | To helper (NP who supports participant, too) | b1vguh
b1vguh = b1vgu, if b1veu is not 0
9. | To non-helper (NP who does not support participant) | b1vgunh
b1vgunh = b1vgu, if b1veu is 0
10. | Emotional (Number of kinds of emotional support provided to NP) | b1vgue
Sum (b1usorgc, b1umuntc)
11. | Instrumental (Number of kinds of instrumental support provided to NP) | b1vgui
Sum (b1uprakc, b1ukaufc, b1upflgc)

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Raw Constructs Created in BASE:
Support Given

Constructs | Construct names Time 1
Range of different kinds of support given from participant to network partner (number of types of support called on)
1. | Overal | b1gh
Sum (items b1uprak, b1usorg, b1ukauf, b1umunt, b1ukuss, b1ubett, b1upflg)
2. | Emotional | b1geh
Sum (b1usorg, b1umunt, b1ukuss)
3. | Instrumental | b1gih
Sum (b1uprak, b1ukauf, b1ubett)
Extent of types of support given by participant and Network Partners (network partners may count several times if given different kinds of support)
1. | Overall | b1ghhl
Sum (b1vgu)
1a. | Overall | b1ghdh
Mean (b1vgu)
Number of supported network partners
1. | Overall | b1ghnp
Sum score
2. | Instrumental only | b1ghinp
Sum score
3. | Emotional only | b1ghenp
Sum score
4. | Instrumental as well as emotional | b1ghmnp
Sum score
Different types of support given: Number of persons (to) whom participant...
1. | helps with household chores | b1gprakc
Sum (b1vprakc)
2. | is a confidant about personal matters | b1gsorgc
Sum (b1vsorgc)
3. | helps with shopping | b1gkaufc
Sum (b1vkaufc)
4. | cheers up | b1gmuntc
Sum (b1vmuntc)
5. | shows gestures of fondness | b1gkussc
Sum (b1vkussc)
6. | would care for in case of being confined to bed lastingly | b1gpflgc
Sum (b1vpflgc)
Number of supported persons: Types of relationships
1. | relatives (overall) | b1ghfa
Sum score
2. | partner | b1ghlg
Sum score
3. | daughters | b1ghto
Sum score
4. | daughters living in Berlin | b1ghtob
Sum score
5. | sons | b1ghso
Sum score
6. | sons living in Berlin | b1ghsob
Sum score
7. | sisters | b1ghsw
Sum score
8. | brothers | b1ghbr
Sum score
9. | other family members | b1ghsf
Sum score
10. | friends | b1ghfr
Sum score
11. | other non-relatives | b1ghnv
Sum score

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Items used in BASE:
Reciprocity of Support

| Original items | Translations used in BASE | Variable names Time 1
1. | Looking back into the past and thinking of what you have done for other people and what other people have done for you, what would you say? | Wenn Sie auf Ihr Leben in der Vergangenheit zurückblicken und an das denken, was Sie für andere Menschen getan haben und andere Menschen für Sie getan haben. Was würden Sie sagen? |
I've done ... 1 = very much indeed 2 = much 3 = little ... for other people. | Ich habe ... 1 = außergewöhnlich viel 2 = viel 3 = wenig ... für andere Menschen getan. | b1urezvg
Other persons have done ... 1 = very much indeed 2 = much 3 = little ... for me. | Andere Menschen haben ... 1 = außergewöhnlich viel 2 = viel 3 = wenig ... für mich getan. | b1urezve
2. | I will now repeat the question. But this time please think of the present. What would you say? | Ich stelle Ihnen jetzt noch einmal die gleiche Frage. Aber diesmal denken Sie bitte an die Gegenwart. Was würden Sie sagen? |
I do ... 1 = very much indeed 2 = much 3 = little ... for other persons. | Ich tue ... 1 = außergewöhnlich viel 2 = viel 3 = wenig für andere Menschen. | b1urezgg
Other persons do ... 1 = very much indeed 2 = much 3 = little ... for me. | Andere Menschen tun ... 1 = außergewöhnlich viel 2 = viel 3 = wenig ... für mich. | b1urezge

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Aggregated Variables in BASE:
Reciprocity of Support

Aggregated variables | Variable names Time 1
Exchange of support
1. | Exchange of support (with network partner) | b1vha
0 = no, 1 = yes (at least one supports the other)
2. | Exchange of instrumental support | b1viha
0 = no, 1 = yes (at least one supports the other)
3. | Exchange of emotional support | b1veha
0 = no, 1 = yes (at least one supports the other)
4. | Kind of exchange | b1vart
Difference score (b1veu - b1vgu) 0 = no exchange of support at all 1 = only instrumental exchange 2 = only emotional exchange, 3 = exchange of instrumental and emotional support
5. | Kind of exchange in relationship | b1vexc
-
6. | Mutual potential caregiver | b1vphs
0 = no, 1 = yes (at least one supports the other)
Symmetry of support
1. | Symmetry of support (overall) | b1vhs
0 = no, 1 = yes
2. | Symmetry of support (without potential care) | b1vshs
0 = no, 1 = yes
3. | Symmetry of instrumental support | b1vihs
0 = no, 1 = yes
4. | Symmetry of emotional support | b1vehs
0 = no, 1 = yes

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

###

###
Raw Constructs Created in BASE:
Reciprocity of Support

Constructs | Construct names Time 1
Different kinds of support given (Number)
1. | Overall | b1rh
Sum (b1uprak, b1usorg, b1ukauf, b1umunt, b1ukuss, b1ubett, b1upflg)
2. | Instrumental | b1rih
Sum (b1uprak, b1ukauf, b1ubett)
3. | Emotional | b1reh
Sum (b1usorg, b1umunt, b1ukuss)
Number of network members exchanging support with participant
1. | Overall | b1rhha
Sum score
2. | Instrumental | b1rhiha
Sum score
3. | Instrumental only | b1rhins
Sum score
4. | Emotional | b1rheha
Sum score
5. | Emotional only | b1rhemo
Sum score
6. | Instrumental as well as emotional | b1rhinem
Sum score
Symmetry of exchange
1. | Symmetry of support | b1rhrec
Sum score
2. | Under-beneficiary from exchange | b1rhub
Sum score
3. | Over-beneficiary from exchange | b1rhhob
Sum score

- General Information
- Items used in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Aggregated Variables in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support
- Raw Constructs Created in BASE
  - Support Received
  - Support Given
  - Reciprocity of Support

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