Bibliographic Information
Creator: Weiler, Selina M.
Contributor: Weiler, Selina M.; Jacobsen, Thomas
Funding:
Title: Primary data on the study “When personality gets under the skin”
Year of Publication: 2021
Citation: Weiler, S.M., & Jacobsen, T. (2021). Primary data on the study “When personality gets under the skin” [Translated Title] (Version 1.0.0) [Data and Documentation]. Trier: Center for Research Data in Psychology: PsychData of the Leibniz Institute for Psychology ZPID. https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.wrsa20pr05
Abstract
Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for modifying one’s body. To this end, the study obtained information from 312 participants about their NfU (using the German NfU-G global scale and three sub-scales) and their body modifications (tattoos, piercings, and extreme body modifications such as tongue splitting). By analyzing the three subcomponents of NfU, the study was able to investigate the differential relationship of the sub-scales with the outcome measures, which facilitated a fine-grained understanding of the NfU–body-modification relationship. The study found that tattooed, pierced, and extreme-body-modified individuals had higher NfU-G scores than individuals without body modifications. Moreover, it seemed that individuals with tattoos took a social component into consideration while lacking concern regarding others’ reaction toward their tattoos, although not wanting to cause affront. Pierced and extreme-body-modified individuals, contrarily, tended to display a propensity to actively flout rules and not worry about others’ opinions on their modifications. However, although statistically significant, the effect size (d) for the NfU-G differences in the tattooed and pierced participants’ mean scores was small to medium in all three subcomponents. The extreme-body-modified group presented medium and medium to large effects. Further, the study observed that the number of body modifications increased with an increasing NfU in tattooed and pierced individuals. These findings demonstrated multifaceted interrelations between the NfU, its subcomponents, and the three kinds of body modifications investigated in the present study.
Codebook
Codebook_wrsa20pr05_weiler_0081_kb
| Position | Name | Label | Valid_values | Missing_values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LFDN | participant number | 1-405 "sequential participant number" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 2 | EXTERNAL_LFDN | external lfdn | 0 "only one EFS-survey project" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 3 | TESTER | tester | 0 "no tester" 1 "tester" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 4 | DISPCODE | disposition code | 10 "Consent seen (10)" 11 "Not yet invited (11)" 12 "Invited (12)" 13 "Inactive (13)" 14 "Email undeliverable (14)" 15 "Unavailable (15)" 16 "Reserved 1 (16)" 17 "Reserved 2 (17)" 18 "Custom unavailable 1 (18)" 19 "Custom unavailable 2 (19)" 20 "Not yet started (20)" 21 "Currently responding (21)" 22 "Interrupted (22)" 23 "Resumed (23)" 31 "Finished (31)" 32 "Finished after interruption (32)" 33 "User defined finished 1 (33)" 34 "User defined terminated 2 (34)" 35 "Rejected on login (quota full) | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 5 | LASTPAGE | last page | string "Page ID of the last participant displayed page" | 0 "missing value: survey not properly completed" |
| 6 | QUALITY | quality | 0-1 "Response quality based on the quality correction" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 7 | DURATION | time to complete survey | -1-3712 "time to complete survey in seconds" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 8 | V_1 | Item 1 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 9 | V_2 | Item 2 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 10 | V_3 | Item 3 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 11 | V_4 | Item 4 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 12 | V_5 | Item 5 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 13 | V_6 | Item 6 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 14 | V_7 | Item 7 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 15 | V_8 | Item 8 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 16 | V_9 | Item 9 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 17 | V_10 | Item 10 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 18 | V_11 | Item 11 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 19 | V_12 | Item 12 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 20 | V_13 | Item 13 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 21 | V_14 | Item 14 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 22 | V_15 | Item 15 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 23 | V_16 | Item 16 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 24 | V_17 | Item 17 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 25 | V_18 | Item 18 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 26 | V_19 | Item 19 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 27 | V_20 | Item 20 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 28 | V_21 | Item 21 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 29 | V_22 | Item 22 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 30 | V_23 | Item 23 of the NfU-G scale (inverted item) | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 31 | V_24 | Item 24 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 32 | V_25 | Item 25 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 33 | V_26 | Item 26 of the NfU-G scale | 1 "Do not agree at all" 2 "Strongly disagree" 3 "Partly/partly" 4 "Strongly agree" 5 "Completely agree" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 34 | V_28 | Tattoo | 2 "No" 7 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 35 | V_57 | Tattoo removed | 1 "Yes" 2 "No" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 36 | V_30 | Piercing | 2 "No" 7 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 37 | V_32 | Extreme body modifications | 2 "No" 7 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 38 | V_60 | Number of tattoos | 0-476 "number of tattoos" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 39 | V_62 | Percent tattoo | 0-99 "percent tattoos (measured relative to skin surface)" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 40 | V_34 | Tattoos visible | 1 "Yes" 2 "No" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 41 | V_59 | Removed tattoos visible | 1 "Yes" 2 "No" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 42 | V_61 | Number of piercings | 1-342 "number of piercings" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 43 | V_35 | Piercings visible | 1 "Yes" 2 "No" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 44 | V_63 | Number of extreme body modifications | 1-54 "number of extreme body modifications" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 45 | V_36 | Extreme body modifications visible | 1 "Yes" 2 "No" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 46 | V_37 | Age | 1-66 "age in years" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 47 | V_38 | Gender | 1 "Female" 2 "Male" 3 "Other" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 48 | V_39 | Place of birth | string "place of birth" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 49 | V_40 | Current place of residence | string "current place of residence" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 50 | V_41 | Marital status | 1 "Single" 2 "Partnership" 3 "Married" 4 "Widowed" 5 "Other" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 51 | V_42 | Highest level of education | 1 "No qualification" 2 "Secondary education level 1 (at least 9 years)" 3 "Secondary school leaving certificate 2 (at least 10 years)" 4 "Baccalaureate (at least 12 years)" 5 "University of applied sciences degree" 6 "University degree" 7 "Other" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 52 | V_43 | Current employment | 1 "Unemployed" 2 "Pupil" 3 "Student" 4 "Apprentice" 5 "Part-time employment" 6 "Full-time employment" 7 "Self-employed" 8 "Unable to work" 9 "Other" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 53 | V_44 | Physical illness | 1 "No" 4 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 54 | V_45 | Which physical illness | string "description of the physical illness" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 55 | V_46 | Mental illness | 1 "No" 4 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 56 | V_47 | Which mental illness | string "Description of the mental illness" | -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 57 | V_48 | Trauma | 1 "No" 5 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 58 | V_50 | Smoking | 1 "No" 6 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 59 | V_51 | Cigarettes per day | 1-30 "Cigarettes per day" | 87654321 "missing value: wrong information" -66 "missing value: not specified" |
| 60 | V_52 | Alcohol | 1 "No" 6 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 61 | V_53 | Alcohol consumption per week | string "specification of alcohol consumption per week" | -66 "missing value: not specified" -99 "missing value: not specified" |
| 62 | V_54 | Drugs | 1 "No" 7 "Yes" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 63 | V_58 | End | string "not further specified participant code" | -66 "missing value: not specified" -99 "missing value: not specified" |
| 64 | DEVICE_TYPE | device type | 0 "default value - detect participants' device was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 65 | PARTICIPANT_BROWSER | participant browser | 0 "default value - detect participants' browser was not activated" | -99 "missing value: unknown" |
| 66 | PARTICIPANT_BROWSER_VERSION | participant browser version | string "specification of participant browser version (not activated in this survey)" | -99 "missing value: unknown" |
| 67 | PARTICIPANT_OS | participant os | 0 "standard value - detect participant os was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 68 | PARTICIPANT_DEVICE | participant device | 0 "standard value - detect participant device was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 69 | PARTICIPANT_BRAND | participant brand | 0 "standard value - detect participant brand was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 70 | PARTICIPANT_MODEL | participant model | 0 "standard value - detect participant model was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 71 | PARTICIPANT_ISBOT | participant isbot | 0 "standard value - detect participant isbot was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 72 | PARTICIPANT_CONTINENT | participant continent | 0 "standard value - detect participant continent was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 73 | PARTICIPANT_COUNTRY | participant country | 0 "standard value - detect participant country was not activated" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 74 | PARTICIPANT_REGION | participant region | string "specification of participant region (not detected in this study)" | -99 "missing value: unknown" |
| 75 | PARTICIPANT_CITY | participant city | string "specification of participant city (not detected in this study)" | -99 "missing value: unknown" |
| 76 | PARTICIPANT_LATITUDE | participant latitude | string "specification of participant latitude (not detected in this study)" | -66 "missing value: unknown" |
| 77 | PARTICIPANT_LONGITUDE | participant longitude | string "specification of participant longitude (not detected in this study)" | -66 "missing value: unknown" |
| 78 | QUOTA | quota | 0 "no quota allocation detected" | -77 "missing value: unknown" |
| 79 | QUOTA_ASSIGNMENT | quota assignment | string "specification of quota assignment (not detected in this study)" | -66 "missing value: unknown" |
| 80 | QUOTA_REJECTED_ID | quota rejected id | 0 "no quota rejected id detected" | -77 "missing value: unknown" |
| 81 | PAGE_HISTORY | page history | string "Display of the survey pages passed by the participant" | 0 "missing value: unknown" |
| 82 | HFLIP | horizontal flip | 0 "Not flipped" 1 "Flipped" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 83 | VFLIP | vertical flip | 0 "Not flipped" 1 "Flipped" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 84 | OUTPUT_MODE | output mode | 0 "HTML" 1 "XHTML" 2 "WML" 3 "offline" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 85 | JAVASCRIPT | javascript | 10 "Javascript 1.0" 11 "Javascript 1.1" 12 "Javascript 1.2" 13 "Javascript 1.3" 14 "Javascript 1.4" 15 "Javascript 1.5" 16 "Javascript 1.6" 17 "Javascript 1.7" 18 "Javascript 1.8" 20 "Javascript 2.0" | -77 "missing value: detect Javascript is deactivated" |
| 86 | FLASH | flash | 0 "flash plugin is not available" | -77 "missing value: detect flash is deactivated " |
| 87 | SESSION_ID | session id | string "id of the session" | 9999 "missing value: not specified" |
| 88 | LANGUAGE | language | 1 "German" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 89 | CLEANED | cleaned | 0 "Not cleaned" 1 "Cleaned" 2 "Checked, not cleaned" | -77 "missing value: not specified" |
| 90 | ATS | absolute time stamp | 1566914362-1569930307 "absolute time stamp" | 0 "missing value: not specified" |
| 91 | DATETIME | datetime of survey start | string "datetime of survy start" | 9999 "missing value: not specified" |
| 92 | DATE_OF_LAST_ACCESS | date of last access | string "date of last access" | 9999 "missing value: not specified" |
| 93 | DATE_OF_FIRST_MAIL | date of first mail | string "date of first mail" | 9999 "missing value: not specified" |
Study Description
Research Questions/Hypotheses:
Research Design: Fully Standardized Survey Instrument (provides question formulation and answer options); single measurement
Measurement Instruments/Apparatus:
Data Collection Method:
Data collection in the presence of an experimenter
– Computer-aided
Population: German-speaking population
Survey Time Period:
Sample:
Gender Distribution:
62.18% female participants
37.5% male participants
Age Distribution: 18-66 years
Spatial Coverage (Country/Region/City): Germany
Subject Recruitment:
Sample Size: 312 individuals
Return/DropOut:
Literature
Publications Directly Related to the Dataset
| Publications Directly Related to the Dataset |
|---|
| Weiler SM, Tetzlaff B-O, Herzberg PY, Jacobsen T (2021) When personality gets under the skin: Need for uniqueness and body modifications. PLoS ONE 16(3): e0245158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245158 |