Primary data from the three survey dates of the ISPO study 2023/2024
Clinical PsychologyAuthors(s) / Creator(s)
Jacob, AnneKräplin, Anja
Abstract
Stage 1 Registered Report: http://dx.doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.14372
The rapid expansion of online sports betting has raised concerns about its potential impact on individual health and public health. In order to further develop etiological models for gambling disorder (GD) in sports betting, it is essential to unravel the underlying causal processes. Recent studies have identified risky online gambling behavior as an early indicator of GD. This study focuses on impulsivity as a well-documented risk factor for GD and investigated whether increased impulsivity leads to risky online gambling behavior and subsequently contributes to GD. Impulsivity, risky gambling behavior, and GD symptoms were assessed three times at three-month intervals using a longitudinal cross-lagged panel design. We recruited a final sample of n = 427 regular sports bettors from the online gambling provider Tipico. Impulsivity and GD were assessed using a combination of online experimental tasks and questionnaires. As a measure of risky gambling behavior, Tipico provided player tracking data for all participants. Random intercept cross‐lagged panel models were used to test the evidence for our hypotheses. Results showed partial support for the role of impulsivity in the development of GD, particularly through facets such as impulsive choice and certain impulsive personality traits. However, the findings suggest that impulsivity does not directly predict risky betting behavior, nor does such behavior mediate the relationship between impulsivity and GD severity. These results emphasize the complexity of pathways to GD, highlighting the need to explore multifactorial models incorporating emotional, cognitive, and environmental mediators.
Persistent Identifier
https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.jbac24pr29Year of Publication
2025Funding
International Center for Responsible Gaming (ICRG): https://www.icrg.org/
How to cite
Jacob, A. & Kräplin, A. (2025). Primary data from the three survey dates of the ISPO study 2023/2024 (Version 1.0.0) [Data and Documentation]. Trier: Research Data Center at ZPID. https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.jbac24pr29
Study Description
Research Questions/Hypotheses:
We propose three directional hypotheses to test our main assumption:
- H1. Increased impulsivity among online sports bettors leads to higher gambling disorder severity.
- H2. Increased impulsivity among online sports bettors leads to riskier betting behavior in online sports betting, e.g. higher betting frequency.
- H3. Risky betting behavior is a mediator between impulsivity and gambling disorder severity.
Research Design:
Fully standardised survey instrument (question areas and answer alternatives specified); repeated measurements
Measurement Instruments/Apparatus:
Die Open Materials der ISPO-Studie finden Sie hier: https://psycharchives.org/en/item/ef294180-bcd7-462d-b76d-5f028f5360d5
Data Collection Method:
Survey in the absence of an investigator
- Online survey
Population:
The sample includes Tipico account holders who live in (partly) German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) and have German language skills at a native level to understand the questionnaires and task instructions, between 18 und 56 years old. Further inclusion criteria are that the account holders have used their Tipico account for sports betting within the previous three months (i.e. have placed at least one bet during this period) and have provided online informed consent.
Survey Time Period:
cross-lagged-panel design (three timepoints, same sample):
t1: 10/23-12/23
t2: 01/24-03/24
t3: 04/24-06/24
Sample:
Convenience sample
Gender distribution:
5 % female participants
95 % male participants
Age distribution:
t1: mean = 33.95 (SD = 11.18; range = 18-56)
Spatial coverage (country/region/city): Countries of origin: Germany/-/-
Subject Recruitment:
Participants were recruited via an email from Tipico. If a account holder was interested in participating in the study, they could follow the individualized link in the email. After reading the study information, interested persons could confirm whether they want to voluntarily participate in the study. After giving informed consent, participants were assessed using questionnaires and behavioral tasks (duration: approx. 20 minutes for the first wave, second and third wave 15 minutes each). Participants were given 15€ for the first wave and will be given 20€ for the second wave and 30€ for the third and final wave as compensation. Starting from the second time point the participants received three reminder emails to motivate participation.
Sample Size:
t1=954, t2=646, t3=427
Return/Drop Out:
These above numbers are the sample sizes after strict data cleaning, for more information see: Jacob, A., Joshanloo, M., Czernecka, R., & Kräplin, A. (2024). Stage 1 Registered Report: Impulsivity and online sports betting behavior: Untangling the causal relationship. Peer Community in Registered Reports, in principle accepted. https://osf.io/q9xpb
jbac24pr29_readme.txt
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Description of the files
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hypothesis_2d_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 8ce5262607bcabf7915e8914a43678d1
MD5: 8ce5262607bcabf7915e8914a43678d1
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 2d_3
hypothesis_2e_1.inp
INP file
- 4
MD5: 3f9a9d2afaddc3ed1109247485a13a52
MD5: 3f9a9d2afaddc3ed1109247485a13a52
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 2e_1
hypothesis_2e_2.inp
INP file
- 4
MD5: dbe1a77bb6c0778ef8969c702273d3dd
MD5: dbe1a77bb6c0778ef8969c702273d3dd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 2e_2
hypothesis_2e_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: d8e1bbcf1b4f044ef5c52ca56ee9a0b4
MD5: d8e1bbcf1b4f044ef5c52ca56ee9a0b4
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 2e_3
hypothesis_3a_1.inp
INP file
- 4
MD5: 0e9f4cf504d424911a1b54a0f4c7f100
MD5: 0e9f4cf504d424911a1b54a0f4c7f100
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_1
hypothesis_3a_1_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: a11ff6ed6f4aa045f9dc7bb0308b5baa
MD5: a11ff6ed6f4aa045f9dc7bb0308b5baa
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_1_med
hypothesis_3a_2.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 2bbd36f86b33c93dfc6545def8dc1367
MD5: 2bbd36f86b33c93dfc6545def8dc1367
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_2
hypothesis_3a_2_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: b48ba3bcf466cf56ffbecd5f41f0779f
MD5: b48ba3bcf466cf56ffbecd5f41f0779f
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_2_med
hypothesis_3a_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: d67c336620b9f9918532c3a770205d5d
MD5: d67c336620b9f9918532c3a770205d5d
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_3
hypothesis_3a_3_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 7d770c082c1eadff67c7801a4f53ffe8
MD5: 7d770c082c1eadff67c7801a4f53ffe8
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3a_3_med
hypothesis_3b_1.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 731abac6eefab291dae6a258506f64da
MD5: 731abac6eefab291dae6a258506f64da
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_1
hypothesis_3b_1_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 712abdf25586bef71437ef66946dc92f
MD5: 712abdf25586bef71437ef66946dc92f
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_1_med
hypothesis_3b_2.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 8de5794e7a2ee03da3c5e7dda9bb5370
MD5: 8de5794e7a2ee03da3c5e7dda9bb5370
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_2
hypothesis_3b_2_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 3bd0d9d39318cd633c14ba043c159789
MD5: 3bd0d9d39318cd633c14ba043c159789
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_2_med
hypothesis_3b_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 80578c9341acd50c14ff870cab2128b3
MD5: 80578c9341acd50c14ff870cab2128b3
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_3
hypothesis_3b_3_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: ce2bdd7235c54230bcf5350e134cb7d8
MD5: ce2bdd7235c54230bcf5350e134cb7d8
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3b_3_med
hypothesis_3c_1.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: ea47515df635b51fc650846fd032c2dd
MD5: ea47515df635b51fc650846fd032c2dd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_1
hypothesis_3c_1_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 41f1dd81827b92741957c6e2dff2b6d0
MD5: 41f1dd81827b92741957c6e2dff2b6d0
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_1_med
hypothesis_3c_2.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: d4b7b18bc23d73403cc3c982cbe9a0bd
MD5: d4b7b18bc23d73403cc3c982cbe9a0bd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_1
hypothesis_3c_2_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 15ee0559c8e7476f55bc54cea5eda909
MD5: 15ee0559c8e7476f55bc54cea5eda909
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_2_med
hypothesis_3c_3.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 6a6ade53666a21bf72c3898e8483d565
MD5: 6a6ade53666a21bf72c3898e8483d565
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_3
hypothesis_3c_3_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: d468eb8f243fdf6298372baf40514272
MD5: d468eb8f243fdf6298372baf40514272
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3c_3_med
hypothesis_3d_1.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: e4d40a11cf658dceb32eb6c07030c2a2
MD5: e4d40a11cf658dceb32eb6c07030c2a2
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_1
hypothesis_3d_1_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 26fa2eef5277908780b7798b9a4a22e5
MD5: 26fa2eef5277908780b7798b9a4a22e5
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_1_med
hypothesis_3d_2.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: d0f2fe4ddbc50d450bbfcbf106e571a8
MD5: d0f2fe4ddbc50d450bbfcbf106e571a8
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_2
hypothesis_3d_2_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 94da904fd8aee6867b1108b46ac580e3
MD5: 94da904fd8aee6867b1108b46ac580e3
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_2_med
hypothesis_3d_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: f49e726822d096e30da64af375cccde3
MD5: f49e726822d096e30da64af375cccde3
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_3
hypothesis_3d_3_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 051569e9ad9640a9ee5ad54f0080d261
MD5: 051569e9ad9640a9ee5ad54f0080d261
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing the hypothesis 3d_3_med
hypothesis_3e_1.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 5c2d66272c0bd9ea2f960d6f1b535be4
MD5: 5c2d66272c0bd9ea2f960d6f1b535be4
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_1
hypothesis_3e_1_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: c97442a705e2b48ed833487e562449b1
MD5: c97442a705e2b48ed833487e562449b1
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_1_med
hypothesis_3e_2.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 1d43251179116419274fcedc1996fd71
MD5: 1d43251179116419274fcedc1996fd71
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_2
hypothesis_3e_2_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: c305ee14abd3a18af93c41f1b37d98bd
MD5: c305ee14abd3a18af93c41f1b37d98bd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_2_med
hypothesis_3e_3.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 3e36f062faa36aca336d441c623d113a
MD5: 3e36f062faa36aca336d441c623d113a
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_3
hypothesis_3e_3_med.inp
INP file
- 5 KB
MD5: 0ae34b1b098d098b27d1ed8e0dcd10fd
MD5: 0ae34b1b098d098b27d1ed8e0dcd10fd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 3e_3_med
jbac24pr29_pd1.csv
CSV file
- 253015 KB
MD5: 4f96383c0b57d2a49cbecce152d428d1
MD5: 4f96383c0b57d2a49cbecce152d428d1
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Primary data set for measurement point 1
jbac24pr29_pd2.csv
CSV file
- 124144 KB
MD5: 9cb8ca506929ec2ffa6d27bbf2141bcd
MD5: 9cb8ca506929ec2ffa6d27bbf2141bcd
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Primary data set for measurement point 2
jbac24pr29_pd3.csv
CSV file
- 75187 KB
MD5: bd3062d282f4d10bc0aab475224a0e3f
MD5: bd3062d282f4d10bc0aab475224a0e3f
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Primary data set for measurement point 3
jbac24pr29_pd4.csv
CSV file
- 3343
MD5: 2a4ad5f7c75334b1ed9df9a844b89af5
MD5: 2a4ad5f7c75334b1ed9df9a844b89af5
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Primary data set for the tracking data
jbac24pr29_kb1.txt
Text file
- 40 KB
MD5: dd805acd0340d9d0906e7a5ad8f46c04
MD5: dd805acd0340d9d0906e7a5ad8f46c04
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for primary data set jbac24pr29_pd1.csv
jbac24pr29_kb2.txt
Text file
- 39 KB
MD5: 0df6ae430de09fc59ec9a14870a9b695
MD5: 0df6ae430de09fc59ec9a14870a9b695
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for primary data set jbac24pr29_pd2.csv
jbac24pr29_kb3.txt
Text file
- 39 KB
MD5: da356cb373bffc98214207bedcc10885
MD5: da356cb373bffc98214207bedcc10885
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for primary data set jbac24pr29_pd3.csv
jbac24pr29_kb4.txt
Text file
- 57 KB
MD5: 52db086793e1f0762990f2189aa5f3d7
MD5: 52db086793e1f0762990f2189aa5f3d7
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for primary data set jbac24pr29_pd4.csv
jbac24pr29_ad1.csv
CSV file
- 1812 KB
MD5: d0b68f4c60bed4e5397bfe6656246e58
MD5: d0b68f4c60bed4e5397bfe6656246e58
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Data set with derived variables for measurement point 1
jbac24pr29_ad2.csv
CSV file
- 568 KB
MD5: 425a1e70dc7503569bc5b4d368d18f5c
MD5: 425a1e70dc7503569bc5b4d368d18f5c
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Data set with derived variables for measurement point 2
jbac24pr29_ad3.csv
CSV file
- 609 KB
MD5: 3b044b801975c4fd7b9c62d5ed4eb577
MD5: 3b044b801975c4fd7b9c62d5ed4eb577
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Data set with derived variables for measurement point 3
jbac24pr29_ad4.csv
CSV file
- 1837 KB
MD5: 240a888bc4d3bf3656be6fd2ff67f8c8
MD5: 240a888bc4d3bf3656be6fd2ff67f8c8
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Longitudinal data set merged over all three measurement points with derived variables
jbac24pr29_aa1.txt
Text file
- 26 KB
MD5: 2adbf794fc092e1b2015ed45dc863cda
MD5: 2adbf794fc092e1b2015ed45dc863cda
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for the data record jbac24pr29_ad1.csv
jbac24pr29_aa2.txt
Text file
- 26 KB
MD5: efa86b2be5f92c16c38c03f3b0ef7654
MD5: efa86b2be5f92c16c38c03f3b0ef7654
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for the data record jbac24pr29_ad2.csv
jbac24pr29_aa3.txt
Text file
- 26 KB
MD5: afc0d8bf7260027e5816d37da67196e9
MD5: afc0d8bf7260027e5816d37da67196e9
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for the data set jbac24pr29_ad3.csv
jbac24pr29_aa4.txt
Text file
- 77 KB
MD5: e04a52b5444c255b7ef0fa3ac750fa72
MD5: e04a52b5444c255b7ef0fa3ac750fa72
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Codebook for the data set jbac24pr29_ad4.csv
import factor scores.do
DO file
- 2 KB
MD5: cdcc7740655de4eab4d78b9abe3f5ce6
MD5: cdcc7740655de4eab4d78b9abe3f5ce6
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Stata script file for importing the factor scores
ispo_long_toMplus.do
DO file
- 4 KB
MD5: a15148a3d3f88d456ee75ffc0a8b1811
MD5: a15148a3d3f88d456ee75ffc0a8b1811
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Stata script file for preparing the longitudinal data set for analysis with Mplus
hypothesis 1a_without56.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: f5a6efcdc675ae08ce11c9cf67388f8e
MD5: f5a6efcdc675ae08ce11c9cf67388f8e
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 1a without participants who are older than or equal to 56
hypothesis 1b_without56.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: ac72eae7a51c61e565cac061bb3d043e
MD5: ac72eae7a51c61e565cac061bb3d043e
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 1b without participants who are older than or equal to 56
hypothesis 1c_loc_without56.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 7c8437cc258d534b6daa0a1420c0948b
MD5: 7c8437cc258d534b6daa0a1420c0948b
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 1c_loc without participants who are older than or equal to 56
hypothesis 1c_ss_without56.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: 19e32635aa3eb333b44fc25aae8c52d0
MD5: 19e32635aa3eb333b44fc25aae8c52d0
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 1c_ss without participants who are older than or equal to 56
hypothesis 1c_urg_without56.inp
INP file
- 4 KB
MD5: b981bd5f16679392a750873f352082a2
MD5: b981bd5f16679392a750873f352082a2
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Mplus input file for testing hypothesis 1c_urg without participants who are older than or equal to 56
stata2mplus.ado
ADO file
- 4 KB
MD5: d7894f7021cab6390b4b91ea9ef0e69d
MD5: d7894f7021cab6390b4b91ea9ef0e69d
Sharing Level 1 (Scientific Use)
Description:
Stata program that prepares data for analysis in Mplus
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_1
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
2
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_1
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_1
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
4
|
SPORTWETTEANDEREANBIETER_1
|
Indication on whether the person has placed sports bets with providers other than Tipico in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
5
|
AUTOMAT_1
|
Indication on whether the person has used slot machines in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
SPIELBANKKLEIN_1
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in small games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
SPIELBAKGROSS_1
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in large games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
LOSE__1
|
Indication of whether the person has bought lottery tickets in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
LOTTERIE_1
|
Information on whether the person has participated in lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
FERNSEHLOTTERIE__1
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in TV lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_2
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
2
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_2
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_2
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
4
|
SPORTWETTEANDEREANBIETER_2
|
Indication on whether the person has placed sports bets with providers other than Tipico in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
5
|
AUTOMAT_2
|
Indication on whether the person has used slot machines in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
SPIELBANKKLEIN_2
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in small games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
SPIELBAKGROSS_2
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in large games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
LOSE__2
|
Indication of whether the person has bought lottery tickets in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
LOTTERIE_2
|
Information on whether the person has participated in lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
FERNSEHLOTTERIE__2
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in TV lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_3
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
2
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_3
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_3
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
4
|
SPORTWETTEANDEREANBIETER_3
|
Indication on whether the person has placed sports bets with providers other than Tipico in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
5
|
AUTOMAT_3
|
Indication on whether the person has used slot machines in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
SPIELBANKKLEIN_3
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in small games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
SPIELBAKGROSS_3
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in large games of chance in casinos in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
LOSE__3
|
Indication of whether the person has bought lottery tickets in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
LOTTERIE_3
|
Information on whether the person has participated in lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
FERNSEHLOTTERIE__3
|
Indication of whether the person has participated in TV lotteries in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_1
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
2
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_2
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
BILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_3
|
Indication of which school-leaving qualification the person has completed
|
1 "kein Schulabschluss/no school-leaving certificate"
2 "Hauptschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
3 "Realschulabschluss/Secondary school certificate"
4 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 8./9. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 8th/9th grade"
5 "Polytechnische Oberschule bis 10. Klasse/Polytechnic secondary school up to 10th grade"
6 "Fachhochschulreife/Advanced technical college certificate"
7 "allgemeine Hochschulreife/general university entrance qualification"
8 "Sonstiges"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
4
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_1
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
5
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_2
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
AUSBILDUNGSABSCHLUSS_3
|
Indication of which educational qualification the person has
|
1 "keine Ausbildung/ No training"
2 "in Ausbildung/ in training"
3 "im Studium/ studying"
4 "Schüler:in in berufsorientierter Aufbauschule / Pupil in vocationally oriented postgraduate school"
5 "abgeschlossene beruflich-betriebliche Ausbildung / Completed vocational/in-company training"
6 "abgeschlossene beruflich-schulische Ausbildung / Completed vocational education and training"
7 "abgeschlossene Ausbildung an Fachschule, Meister-, Technikerschule, Berufs- oder Fachakademie / Completed training at a technical college, master craftsman school, technical school, vocational or technical academy"
8 "Fachhochschulabschluss /University of Applied Sciences degree"
9 "Universitätsabschluss /University degree"
10 "anderer Abschluss"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_1
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_2
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
PERSÖNLICHESNETTOEINKOMMEN_3
|
Indication of the average net income of the person in the last year.
|
1 "<500€"
2 "500-1000€"
3 "1000-2000€"
4 "2000-3000€"
5 "3000-4000€"
6 "4000-5000€"
7 "keine Angabe"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
SPORTWETTEANDEREANBIETER_1
|
Indication on whether the person has placed sports bets with providers other than Tipico in the last 12 months
|
0 "no"
1 "yes"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
END
|
time of study completion (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
2
|
REC_SESSION_ID
|
ID of the session (system variable)
|
891086-919055 "ID of the session (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
START
|
time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
5
|
START_TIME
|
exact time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
2013418618880-2016438910976 "exact time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
END_TIME
|
exact time of study completion (system variable)
|
2013419929600-2016439959552 "exact time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
COMPLETION_TIME
|
time for study completion in minutes (system variable)
|
0.0-8399.530273 "time for study completion in minutes (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
TRIAL_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey
|
1-200 "System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
TRIAL_ID
|
System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey
|
1-200 "System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
BLOCK_NAME
|
System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey
|
Zeichenkette "System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
11
|
BLOCK_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey
|
1 "System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
END
|
time of study completion (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
2
|
REC_SESSION_ID
|
ID of the session (system variable)
|
979642-1032938 "ID of the session (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
START
|
time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
5
|
START_TIME
|
exact time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
2021359484928-2027631935488 "exact time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
END_TIME
|
exact time of study completion (system variable)
|
2021360140288-2027632590848 "exact time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
COMPLETION_TIME
|
time for study completion in minutes (system variable)
|
0.0-406.323211669922 "time for study completion in minutes (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
TRIAL_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey
|
1-160 "System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
TRIAL_ID
|
System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey
|
1-160 "System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
BLOCK_NAME
|
System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey
|
Zeichenkette "System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
11
|
BLOCK_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey
|
1 "System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
END
|
time of study completion (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
2
|
REC_SESSION_ID
|
ID of the session (system variable)
|
1046516-1089345 "ID of the session (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
3
|
START
|
time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
Zeichenkette "time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
5
|
START_TIME
|
exact time of start of study participation (system variable)
|
2029222494208-2034166267904 "exact time of start of study participation (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
6
|
END_TIME
|
exact time of study completion (system variable)
|
2029223280640-2034166923264 "exact time of study completion (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
7
|
COMPLETION_TIME
|
time for study completion in minutes (system variable)
|
6.55359983444214-65.536003112793 "time for study completion in minutes (system variable)"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
TRIAL_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey
|
1-160 "System variable Labvanced: trial number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
TRIAL_ID
|
System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey
|
1-160 "System variable Labvanced: trial id in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
BLOCK_NAME
|
System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey
|
Zeichenkette "System variable Labvanced: block name in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
11
|
BLOCK_NR
|
System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey
|
1 "System variable Labvanced: block number in the survey"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Position | Name | Label | Valid Values | Missing Values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
PROBANDENCODE
|
test subject number
|
4-29996 "test subject number"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
2
|
REGISTRATIONDATE
|
registrationdate of the respective customer
|
Zeichenkette "registrationdate of the respective customer"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
3
|
LAST_LOGIN_TIPICO_DATE
|
last date of accountlogin of the respective customer before data transmission to ispo study
|
Zeichenkette "last date of accountlogin of the respective customer before data transmission to ispo study"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
4
|
AGE
|
customers age given to tipico
|
18-81 "customers age given to tipico"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
5
|
HAS_PLACED_PREMATCH
|
Has the customer placed any prematch bets?
|
y "yes"
n "no"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
6
|
HAS_PLACED_LIVE
|
Has the customer placed any live bets?
|
y "yes"
n "no"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: -9999"
|
|
7
|
ACTIVE_DAYS_2024_APR
|
On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in april 24?
|
0-30 "On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in april 24?"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
8
|
ACTIVE_DAYS_2024_MAR
|
On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in march 24?
|
0-31 "On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in march 24?"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
9
|
ACTIVE_DAYS_2024_FEB
|
On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in february 24?
|
0-29 "On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in february 24?"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
|
10
|
ACTIVE_DAYS_2024_JAN
|
On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in january 24?
|
0-31 "On how many days was the customer active (e.g. placing bets) in january 24?"
|
-9999 "fehlender Wert: Nicht spezifiziert"
|
| Utilized Test Methods |
|---|
|
Go/nogo (impulsive action): Wolff, M., Enge, S., Kräplin, A., Krönke, K., Bühringer, G., Smolka, M. N., & Goschke, T. (2020). Chronic stress, executive functioning, and real‐life self‐control: An experience sampling study. Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12587
PSYNDEX
|
|
MCQ-27 (impulsive choice): Kaplan, B. A., Amlung, M., Reed, D. D., Jarmolowicz, D. P., McKerchar, T. L., & Lemley, S. M. (2016). Automating scoring of delay discounting for the 21-and 27-item monetary choice questionnaires. The Behavior Analyst, 39, 293-304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-016-0070-9
|
|
SUPPS-P (impulsive personality traits): Wüllhorst, V., Donamayor, N., Lützkendorf, J., Schlagenhauf, J., & Endrass, T. (2024). Validation of the German long and short versions of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale extended by the positive urgency scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23724
|
|
Gambling disorder symptoms: German version DSM-5 Stinchfield GD questionnaire: Buchner, U., Irles-Garcia, V., Koytek, A., & Kroher, M. (2009). Praxishandbuch Glücksspiel. Landesstelle Glücksspielsucht in Bayern.
|
| Further Reading |
|---|
|
Allami, Y., Hodgins, D. C., Young, M., Brunelle, N., Currie, S., Dufour, M., Flores‐Pajot, M., & Nadeau, L. (2021). A meta‐analysis of problem gambling risk factors in the general adult population. Addiction, 116(11), 2968–2977. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15449
|
|
Czernecka, R., Wirkus, T., Bühringer, G., & Kräplin, A. (2024). Characteristics and prediction of risky gambling behaviour study: A study protocol. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 33(1), e1995. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1995
|
|
Kräplin, A., & Goudriaan, A. E. (2018). Characteristics and risk factors of gambling disorder as basis for responsible gambling strategies. econtent.hogrefe.com, 64(5–6), 247–256. https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000559
PSYNDEX
|
|
Kräplin, A., Höfler, M., Pooseh, S., Wolff, M., Krönke, K.-M., Goschke, T., Bühringer, G., & Smolka, M. N. (2020). Impulsive decision-making predicts the course of substance-related and addictive disorders. Psychopharmacology, 237(9), 2709–2724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05567-z
PSYNDEX
|