Bluemke et al. (2016). Measuring Cross-Cultural Supernatural Beliefs with Self- and Peer-Reports. Research data from the Croatian sample.

Bibliographic Information

Creator: Bluemke, Matthias; Jong, Jonathan; Mikloušić, Igor & Halberstadt, Jamin

Contributor: Bluemke, Matthias; Jong, Jonathan; Grevenstein, Dennis; Mikloušić, Igor & Halberstadt, Jamin

Funding: Partly supported by the Marsden Fund (13-UOO-224), administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand, granted to J. Halberstadt; German Research Foundation (DFG) and Ruprecht-Karls-Univerität Heidelberg within the funding programme Open Access Publishing

Title: Measuring Cross-Cultural Supernatural Beliefs with Self- and Peer-Reports. Research data from the Croatian sample.

Year of Publication: 2016

Citation: Bluemke, M., Jong, J., Grevenstein, D., Mikloušić, I., & Halberstadt, J. (2016). Measuring Cross-Cultural Supernatural Beliefs with Self- and Peer-Reports. Research data from the Croatian sample. (Version 1.0.0) [Data and Documentation]. Trier: Center for Research Data in Psychology: PsychData of the Leibniz Institute for Psychology ZPID. https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.bems99me29

Abstract

Despite claims about the universality of religious belief, whether religiosity scales have the same meaning when administered inter-subjectively – or translated and applied cross-culturally – is currently unknown. Using the recent “Supernatural Belief Scale” (SBS), we present a primer on how to verify the strong assumptions of measurement invariance required in research on religion. A comparison of two independent samples, Croatians and New Zealanders, showed that, despite a sophisticated psychometric model, measurement invariance could be demonstrated for the SBS except for two noninvariant intercepts. We present a new approach for inspecting measurement invariance across self- and peer-reports as two dependent samples. Although supernatural beliefs may be hard to observe in others, the measurement model was fully invariant for Croatians and their nominated peers. The results not only establish, for the first time, a valid measure of religious supernatural belief across two groups of different language and culture, but also demonstrate a general invariance test for distinguishable dyad members nested within the same targets. More effort needs to be made to design and validate cross-culturally applicable measures of religiosity.

Codebook

Codebook_bems99me29_ bluemke_0066_kb
PositionNameLabelValid_valuesMissing_values
1CODEParticipant number1000-1661 "CODE"-99 "Fehlender Wert"
2SEXSex1 "Female"
2 "Male"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
3AGEAge18-50 "age"-99 "Fehlender Wert"
4RELIGIONReligion1 "Christian"
2 "Atheist/Agnostic"
3 "Other"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
5RELIGION_IMPORTANCEReligion Importance1 "Very unimportant"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 ""
8 ""
9 "Very important"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
6GODSupernatural Belief Scale Item 1 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
7DEVILSupernatural Belief Scale Item 2 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
8ANGELSSupernatural Belief Scale Item 3 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
9DEMONSSupernatural Belief Scale Item 4 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
10SOULSupernatural Belief Scale Item 5 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
11REALMSupernatural Belief Scale Item 6 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
12HEAVENSupernatural Belief Scale Item 7 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
13HELLSupernatural Belief Scale Item 8 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
14MIRACLESSupernatural Belief Scale Item 9 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
15PROPHETSSupernatural Belief Scale Item 10 self-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
16MASSAttends the Holy Mass1 "Never"
2 "Less than once a year"
3 "At least once a year"
4 "At least once a month"
5 "At least once a week"
6 "Every day"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
17COMMUNIONAttends Holy Communion1 "Never"
2 "Less than once a year"
3 "At least once a year"
4 "At least once a month"
5 "At least once a week"
6 "Every day"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
18PRAYERPrays1 "Never"
2 "Less than once a year"
3 "At least once a year"
4 "At least once a month"
5 "At least once a week"
6 "Every day"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
19RELIGION_PEERReligion Peer1 "Christian"
2 "Atheist/Agnostic"
3 "Other"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
20GOD_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 1 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
21DEVIL_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 2 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
22ANGELS_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 3 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
23DEMONS_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 4 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
24SOUL_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 5 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
25REALM_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 6 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
26HEAVEN_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 7 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
27HELL_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 8 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
28MIRACLES_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 9 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
29PROPHETS_PEERSupernatural Belief Scale Item 10 peer-4 "Strongly Disagree"
-3 ""
-2 ""
-1 ""
0 ""
1 ""
2 ""
3 ""
4 "Strongly Agree"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"
30RELATIONRelationship self-peer1 "Son/Daughter"
2 "Grandson/Granddaughter"
3 "Brother/Sister"
4 "Friend"
5 "Boyfriend/Girlfriend"
6 "Husband/Wife"
7 "Other"
-99 "Fehlender Wert"

Study Description

Research Questions/Hypotheses:

Research Design: Fully Standardized Survey Instrument (provides question formulation and answer options); single measurement

Measurement Instruments/Apparatus:

Supernatural Belief Scale (SBS). The SBS is a 10-item scale intended to measure cross-culturally recurring supernatural entities such as belief in high-order agents (God), low-order agents (angels), spiritual world (souls), afterlife conceptions (heaven), inexplicable events (miracles) and spiritual intermediaries (prophets); the present investigation focused on a Croatian translation of the original English SBS created in New Zealand (Jong, Bluemke, & Halberstadt, 2013).

Data Collection Method:

Data collection in the presence of an experimenter
-Individual Administration
-Paper and Pencil
Data collection in the absence of an experimenter
-Other: Paper & Pencil (sealed enveloped)

Population: Croatian college students and relatives, friends, peers

Survey Time Period:

Sample: Convenience sample

Gender Distribution:

69% female subjects (n=443)
29.6% male subjects (n=190)
1.4% missing values (undetermined) (n=9)

Age Distribution: 18-50 years

Spatial Coverage (Country/Region/City): Croatia

Subject Recruitment:

Sample Size: 642 individuals

Return/DropOut:

Literature

Publications Directly Related to the Dataset
Publications Directly Related to the Dataset
Bluemke, M., Jong, J., Grevenstein, D., Mikloušić, I., & Halberstadt, J. (2016). Measuring cross-cultural supernatural beliefs with self- and peer-reports. 11(10): e0164291. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164291Datensatz 0319737
Utilized Test Methods
Utilized Test Methods
Jong, J., Bluemke, M., & Halberstadt, J. (2013). Fear of death and supernatural beliefs: Developing a new Supernatural Belief Scale to test the relationship. European Journal of Personality, 27, 495-506. doi: 10.1002/per.1898Datensatz 0270063
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