Rothermund & Wentura (2004). Affective congruency effects in the Stroop task: Primary data and control programs.

Bibliographic Information

Creator: Rothermund, Klaus; Wentura, Dirk

Contributor: Rothermund, Klaus; Wentura, Dirk

Funding:

Title: Affective congruency effects in the Stroop task: Primary data and control programs.

Year of Publication: 2004

Citation: Rothermund, K., & Wentura, D. (2004). Affective congruency effects in the Stroop task: Primary data and control programs. [Translated Title] (Version 1.0.0) [Data and Documentation]. Trier: Center for Research Data in Psychology: PsychData of the Leibniz Institute for Psychology ZPID. https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.rdks97af99

Abstract

Examined associative and affective priming effects using a modified Stroop task in 2 experiments. In the first experiment the category specific priming effects, which occupy an intermediate position between stimulus specific associations and category relationships, were analyzed. The analysis of affective priming effects with the color task is particularly suited to test the hypothesis of an automatic activation spread to valence congruent content because they (a) eliminate alternative explanations in terms of reaction pathways or interference and (b) are sensitive for both specific (increased accessibility of certain stimuli) and nonspecific (global interference by emotional behavioral tendencies) affective activation effects. In the first experiment (SOA = 300 ms), the primes were presented without further processing instructions. In the second experiment (SOA = 500ms) the primes had to be reproduced directly after the color identification. In both experiments, significant priming effects for the associative material could be detected. Thereby the sensitivity of the procedure used for the detection of the priming effect was confirmed. In terms of the valence material in both experiments, no affective congruency effect was shown. The hypothesis of an automatic affective activation propagation, which was proposed in conclusion to previous studies which used other types of tasks examining the affective congruency effect, cannot be supported based on the present evidence. In addition to the primary data from both experiments, this record includes the aggregated subject and item data as well as the experimental control programs and evaluation programs.

Codebook

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S "assoziiertes Material"
9 "Fehlender Wert"
3LQ_GRAnsteuerung der Materiallisten, erste Stelle der Listennummierung1-3 "ganze Zahl"9 "Fehlender Wert"
4B_GRAnsteuerung der Materiallisten, zweite Stelle der Listennummierung1-2 "ganze Zahl"9 "Fehlender Wert"
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R "rechte Hand"
9 "Fehlender Wert"
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P "Psychologie"
9 "Fehlender Wert"
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1112 "Targettyp: positive Tönung bei valentem Material, unbekannt bei assoziativem Material - Primetyp: kongruent bei valentem Materia, assoziiert bei assoziativem Material - erster Block - Farbe des Targets: grün"
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f "1 bedeutet kein Fehler, 2 bedeutet Fehler"
9 "Fehlender Wert"
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3 "Fehler, wenn PROG=a - nicht besetzt, wenn PROG=f"
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Study Description

Research Questions/Hypotheses:

Null hypotheses:
1. Affective congruence and associations exhibited equally strong priming effects in the Stroop test.
2 Associated primes did not increase the color time in the Stroop test.
3. Affective congruent primes increased the color time in the Stroop test.


Alternative hypotheses:
1. Following associated primes, stronger priming effects were found in the Stroop than after nonassociated but affectively congruent primes.
2. Associated primes increased the color time in the Stroop test.
3. Affective congruent primes increased the color time in Stroop test.

Research Design: Experimental Design, Mixed Design, Laboratory Experiment; single measurements

Measurement Instruments/Apparatus:

Experiment 1: Material type (associated, valent), the priming factor (associated/congruent, not associated/incongruent, neutral), and the blocks (Block 1 vs Block 2). The priming and block factors were measured again. 6 conditions of these 2 factors were linked with 6 material sets and 6 samples within each condition of the factor material type for a balanced design. The presentation of color stimuli in the Stroop task was balanced by an additional control factor above and beyond the sampling. The study was conducted in individual sessions.
At the beginning, 20 sample runs were processed with the Stroop task and a further 8 runs with priming. After this a total of 96 experimental runs were performed. The test was carried out in 2 blocks with a break lasting for as long as each subject chose. In each trial run, the white prime word was presented against a black screen for 200 msec. After 100 msec, the target was presented (SOA = 300 msec). When colored red, green, yellow or blue the target remained on the view screen until it was named, though never longer than 5,000 msec. Answers were spoken into a microphone. 3,000 msec after answering, the next prime appeared. The entire experiment took about 10 minutes.
Experiment 2: The design included the priming, repeat-measure factor materials, and blocks. The order in which the 2 types of material were processed, were balanced across the sample (factor sequence). 2 male and 2 female subjects participated in the 12 condition combinations. Individual sessions were conducted. After the trial runs, the 2 sets of material were presented in 2 separate blocks broken up with a break. This yielded a total of 192 runs. An SOA of 500 msec was realized. 500 msec after naming the color of the target stimulus, “Read the first word …” appeared on the screen in white letters. 1000 msec after the word was read the next prime appeared. The whole experiment took about 15 minutes.
Ausführliche Angaben zum Experimentalaufbau finden sich bei Rothermund & Wentura (1998).
The following experimental controls were performed:
Randomization: random allocation of subjects to the between-subjects factors material type (Exp. 1) or material order (Exp. 2).
Balancing: Mapping of the experimental stimuli to the different conditions of the priming factor was balanced by a Latin square. The stimuli color in the Stroop task was balanced out by an additional control factor within the sample. In Experiment 2, effects of sequence in the processing of both task parts was balanced out by an additional control factor. Possible gender effects were controlled for by balancing subject gender (parallelization).
Detailed information on the experimental design can be found in Rothermund & Wentura (1998).

Data Collection Method:

Data collection in the presence of an experimente
– Individual Administration
– Computer-Supported
– Specialized Apparatuses or Measuring Instruments, for example…
…Recording of spoken answers using a microphone connected to the test computer’s Sound Blaster-compatible sound card.

Population:

Survey Time Period:

Experiment 1: December 1996- June 1997
Experiment 2: January 1997

Sample: Convenience sample

Gender Distribution:

52,9% female subjects (n=54)
47,1% male subjects (n=48)


Age Distribution: 19-44 years

Spatial Coverage (Country/Region/City): Germany/Rhineland-Palatinate/Trier

Subject Recruitment: Participants were students at the University of Trier, primarily from the Department of Psychology.

Sample Size: 102 individiduals (Exp. 1: 54, Exp. 2: 48)

Return/DropOut:

Literature

Publications Directly Related to the Dataset
Publications Directly Related to the Dataset
Rothermund, K. & Wentura, D. (1998). Ein fairer Test für die Aktivationsausbreitungshypothese: Untersuchung affektiver Kongruenzeffekte in der Stroop-Aufgabe. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 45, 120-135.Datensatz 0121597
Further Reading
Further Reading
Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M.C. & Kardes, F.R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 229-238.
Klauer, K. C. (1998). Affective priming. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology. Vol. 8 (pp. 67-103). Chichester: Wiley.Datensatz 0126350
Neely, J. H. (1991). Semantic priming effects in visual word recognition: A selective review of current findings and theories. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 264-336). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Pratto, F. (1994). Consciousness and automatic evaluation. In P. M. Niedenthal & S. Kitayama (Eds.), The heart's eye (pp. 115-143). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Warren, R. E. (1972). Stimulus encoding and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 90-100.
Warren, R. E. (1974). Association, directionality, and stimulus encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 151-158.
Wentura, D. (1997). Zur mentalen Repräsentation affektiv-evaluativer Komponenten: die Netzwerkmetapher und das Paradigma des "affektiven Primings". In H. Mandl (Hrsg.), Bericht über den 40. Kongreß der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in München 1996 (S. 964-971). Göttingen: Hogrefe.Datensatz 0114677
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