Research data from the manuscript "Respect and political disagreement: Can intergroup respect reduce the biased evaluation of outgroup arguments?"
SozialpsychologieAutor*innen / Ersteller*innen
Eschert, SilkeSimon, Bernd
Abstract
Past research indicates that in political debates the same arguments are judged very differently depending on the perceiver's own position on the issue, because positions on controversial issues are often tied to collective identities. In this series of studies we tested the assumption that equality-based respect from an opposing opinion-based group can reduce such biases. Results confirmed that identification as an opponent or proponent of a contested issue was negatively related to evaluations of outgroup arguments (Study 1) and that this negative link was no longer significant when intergroup respect was experimentally induced (Study 2). Results support the notion that disagreements over political issues are intergroup conflicts, in which different socio-political groups struggle for recognition, and that approaches that protect collective identities and improve intergroup relations should be employed to de-escalate them.
Persistent Identifier
https://doi.org/10.5160/psychdata.etse16re12Jahr der Publikation
2019Förderung
Zitierung
Studienbeschreibung
Forschungsfragen/Hypothesen:
A negative link between ingroup identification and the evaluation of outgroup arguments was expected (Hypothesis 1). Further, we proposed that this negative bias should be weakened or even removed when respect was received from the outgroup (Hypothesis 2).
Forschungsdesign:
Pretest:Questionnaire Data – Fully Standardized Survey Instrument; Study 1: Questionnaire Data – Fully Standardized Survey Instrument; Study 2: Experiment Data – Experimental Factor, Quasi-experimental Factor, Group Comparison, Laboratory Experiment; single measurement
Messinstrumente/Apparate:
A detailed description of the pretest, study 1 and study 2 can be found in Eschert, S. & Simon, B. (2019).
Datenerhebungsmethode:
Pretest & Study 1:
Data collection in the absence of an experimenter
- Online Survey
Study 2:
Data collection in the presence of an experimenter
- Individual Administration
- Computer-Supported
Population:
Students from a German university
Erhebungszeitraum:
Pretest: 2015-12-08 until 2015-12-10
Study 1: 2015-12-17 until 2015-12-23
Study 2: 2016-01-15 until 2016-02-01
Stichprobe:
Convenience sample
Gender Distribution:
Pretest:
61 % female subjects (N=56)
38 % male subjects (N=35)
1 % no answer (N=1)
Study 1:
62 % female subjects (N=64)
37 % male subjects (N=38)
1 % no answer (N=1)
Study 2:
51 % female subjects (N=75)
48 % male subjects (N=70)
1 % no answer (N=1)
Age Distribution: Pretest: 18-31 years; Study 1: 18-45 years; Study 2: 19-32 years
Spatial Coverage (Country/Region/City): Germany/-/Kiel
Probandenrekrutierung:
Pretest & Study 1:
Student participants were recruited through social network groups of their university.
Study 2:
Student participants were recruited on campus and invited to the lab by student assistants
Stichprobengröße:
Pretest: 92 individuals; Study 1: 103 individuals; Study 2: 137 individuals
Rücklauf/Ausfall:
MD5: 720518c83a5524e8d11872c4bda8cbe4
MD5: cd1e5fd963e568bcaefe25c57c003866
MD5: 2a3f884ad6bc70c8a28255902ed5514d
Position | Name | Label | Gültige Werte | Fehlende Werte |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
CASE
|
participant number
|
83-212 "participant number"
|
999 "missing"
|
2
|
D101_01
|
age
|
18-31 "years"
|
-99 "missing"
|
3
|
D102
|
sex
|
1 "male"
2 "female"
3 "do not wish to answer"
|
-9 "missing"
|
4
|
T101_01
|
Position on issue1 (veggie day in university cafeterias)
|
1 "strongly in favor"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "strongly against"
|
-9 "missing"
|
5
|
T103_01
|
Issue1: personal importance
|
1 "not important at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "very important"
|
-9 "missing"
|
6
|
T201_01
|
Position on issue2 (army advertising on our campus)
|
1 "strongly against"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "strongly in favor"
|
-9 "missing"
|
7
|
T203_01
|
Issue2: personal importance
|
1 "not important at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "very important"
|
-9 "missing"
|
8
|
T301_01
|
Position on issue3 (access to messages in social networks for security agencies)
|
1 "strongly against"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "strongly in favor"
|
-9 "missing"
|
9
|
T303_01
|
Issue3: personal importance
|
1 "not important at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "very important"
|
-9 "missing"
|
10
|
T401_01
|
Position on issue4 (limitation for numbers of refugees that can enter Germany)
|
1 "strongly against"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "strongly in favor"
|
-9 "missing"
|
Position | Name | Label | Gültige Werte | Fehlende Werte |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
CASE
|
Interview-Nummer (fortlaufend)
|
82-274 "interview number"
|
999 "missing"
|
2
|
D101
|
age
|
-99-45 "years"
|
99 "missing"
|
3
|
D102
|
sex
|
1 "male"
2 "female"
3 "do not wish to answer"
|
-9 "missing"
|
4
|
E101_01
|
participant position
|
1 "strongly against -5"
2 "-4"
3 "-3"
4 "-2"
5 "-1"
6 "+1"
7 "+2"
8 "+3"
9 "+4"
10 "strongly in favor +5"
|
-9 "missing"
|
5
|
E102_01
|
questionnaire order
|
1-2 "questionnaire order"
|
-9 "missing"
|
6
|
ID02_01
|
IDopponent: I see myself as an opponent
|
1 "do not agree at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "fully agree"
|
-9 "missing"
|
7
|
ID02_02
|
IDopponent: I feel a bond with others, who also oppose surveillance
|
1 "do not agree at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "fully agree"
|
-9 "missing"
|
8
|
ID02_03
|
IDopponent: Being an opponent is an important part of how I see myself
|
1 "do not agree at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "fully agree"
|
-9 "missing"
|
9
|
ID03_01
|
IDproponent: I see myself as a proponent
|
1 "do not agree at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "fully agree"
|
-9 "missing"
|
10
|
ID03_02
|
IDproponent: I feel a bond with others, who also support surveillance
|
1 "do not agree at all"
2 ""
3 ""
4 ""
5 ""
6 ""
7 "fully agree"
|
-9 "missing"
|
Position | Name | Label | Gültige Werte | Fehlende Werte |
---|---|---|---|---|
1
|
CASE
|
participant number
|
142-323 "participant number"
|
999 "missing"
|
2
|
D101_01
|
age
|
19-32 "years"
|
99 "missing"
|
3
|
D102
|
sex
|
1 "male"
2 "female"
3 "do not wish to answer"
|
-9 "missing"
|
4
|
I001_01
|
Respect condition (experimental manipulation)
|
1 "low respect"
2 "high respect"
|
-9 "missing"
|
5
|
E101_01
|
participant position
|
1 "strongly against -5"
2 "-4"
3 "-3"
4 "-2"
5 "-1"
6 "+1"
7 "+2"
8 "+3"
9 "+4"
10 "strongly in favor +5"
|
-9 "missing"
|
6
|
A101_01
|
OwnProArgument1
|
Zeichenkette "write your own arguments"
|
-9 "missing"
|
7
|
A104_01
|
OwnConArgument1
|
Zeichenkette "write your own arguments"
|
-9 "missing"
|
8
|
A105_01
|
OwnConArgument2
|
Zeichenkette "write your own arguments"
|
-9 "missing"
|
9
|
A106_01
|
OwnConArgument3
|
Zeichenkette "write your own arguments"
|
-9 "missing"
|
10
|
A102_01
|
OwnProArgument2
|
Zeichenkette "write your own arguments"
|
-9 "missing"
|